Literary Analysis Essay - The Mayor of Casterbridge by Thomas Hardy

                                  A Clash of Perspectives

            Representing large concepts with the incorporation of minute details and occurrences demonstrates an effective method of giving a piece of literature a deeper meaning. In his book, The Mayor of Casterbridge, Thomas Hardy relies upon a plethora of symbolic events to convey critical aspects of a narrative story, such as the atmosphere of the setting to his audience. Events like the wagon collision, bull encounter, and introduction of the seed driller to Casterbridge, all have a symbolic, metaphorical meaning aside from the blatantly obvious. The three events are physical embodiments of conflicts and complications the main characters experience or have experienced.
            At the market place located in the center of Casterbridge, farmers and other agricultural businessmen have gathered to purchase and sell their crops. Donald Farfrae, a respected merchant who previously worked for Michael Henchard, the Mayor of Casterbridge, currently has a relationship with the mayor that is best described as strained. During that afternoon, Donald's wagon collides with Henchard's causing a bitter argument. Aside from the obvious situation, the crash is symbolic of the on-going struggle between the two men. Differentiation among the agricultural views sparked the turmoil and continues to drive it further; Henchard's perspectives are out dated and ineffective, while Donald's are contemporary and effective, which has introduced him to the respect of his peers, striking jealousy into Henchard. Feeling threatened by Donald, Henchard only contributes to the bad situation.
            Donald's character and contribution to Casterbridge can all be summed up into a single object in a symbolic sense: the brand new seed driller sitting in the town square. The tractor is an innovative and more efficient piece of machinery than anything else used previously in Casterbridge. It is representative of Donald's character because like the tractor, he is modern and efficient. Even the mere presence of the tractor has symbolic meanings. One meaning being that the tractor is a symbol of the changes and improvements Donald has attributed to farming strategies in Casterbridge. The other is a display of the respect and authority he has earned since his arrival in Casterbridge, because the tractor was purchased under his recommendation. The throng of farmers congregated around the machine is the last symbol derived from the situation; the farmers admiration is reflective of Donald's popularity.
            A third prominent symbol is Lucetta and Elizabeth-Jane's encounter with the roaming bull. On the day of the cattle auction in Casterbridge, an enormous bull had freed itself of its cage and spotter Lucetta and Elizabeth-Jane walking on the road. At first the two ladies showed no regard for the creature; however that quickly transitioned into concern once it began to pursue them in a barn. The bull in this situation is seen as a menacing and sinister animal, which compounds with the symbolic intention of the attack. Haunted by a past love affair with Henchard. Lucetta has put great effort into refraining from the Mayor. The attack of the bull is symbolic of her history with Henchard attempting to destroy her current love with Donald Farfrae. Henchard bursts into the scene, subdues the bull, and rescues both of the women, which demonstrates he possesses a good character despite his demotion from Mayor and losing his eminence as a businessman.
            Several more symbols other than these few are peppered throughout the story, which increases the reader's interest as well as providing them with deeper levels of meaning. Without the symbols, Hardy's full intentions could not be recognized; taking away significant concepts.

Literary Analysis Essay - The Picture of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde

                                        Divinely Devilish

            “The only way to get rid of a temptation is to yield it. Resist it, and your soul grows sick with longing for the things it has forbidden to itself, with desire for what its monstrous laws have made monstrous and unlawful” (30). Oscar Wilde's book The Picture of Dorian Gray, depicts a handsome young man, who undergoes a staggering transformation. With the use of symbols, Wilde portrays Dorian Gray's personality changes through tangible objects such as Dorian's portrait, Lord Henry, and the school room. All of these objects were once the things he loved the most, but as the story unfolds, they each contribute to his transformation.
            Dorians's god-like beauty and grace are so appealing to his friend Basil Howard, that Basil felt the need to preserve it eternally in art. Although the masterpiece portrait of Dorian was meant to preserve his beauty, ironically, it represents all of his guilt, regrets, corruption, and sinful pleasures. Out of a fit of jealousy, Dorian uttered a wish, “[i]f it were I who was to be always young, and the picture that was to grow old... I would give my soul for that!” (39). His wish was granted, therefore the painting became a physical embodiment of his soul. As Dorian is continually corrupted by Lord Henry, he notices gruesome alternations in the painting that were not previously there. It is obvious to Dorian that he is damaging his soul, yet he sees this as an excuse to enjoy sinful pleasures because the painting retains the burden of his sins while he remains young and beautiful.
            Once the epitome of beauty, youthfulness and purity, Dorian Gray had never committed a sin. However, his introduction to Lord Henry sparked a revelation in himself, changing him forever. Lord Henry is a human representation of the Devil because his influence corrupts Dorian. On page 246, Lord Henry advises Dorian to live for pleasure, even if it is at the expense of others, when he says “[d]ifference of object foes not alter singleness of passion. It merely intensifies it. We can have in life but one great experience at best, and the secret of life is to reproduce that experience as often as possible.” Lord Henry is the hidden conscious Dorian has not yet discovered, because he helps Dorian realize the magnitude of his beauty; however, he once again corrupts Dorian by making him think that beauty is the greatest aspect of life.
            A sordid, cluttered, and cobwebbed schoolroom is another symbol Wilde uses. During Dorian's childhood, his grandfather built him a study which he usually confined himself in. Acknowledging that, as a child, Dorian rarely (if ever) committed a sin, the schoolroom can be seen to represent his purity and youthfulness. However, the fact that it is now covered in cobwebs and has not been visited in several years suggests that Dorian has strayed from his former values and replaced them with the unclean, devilish teachings of Lord Henry. Dorian also uses the schoolroom to conceal his disgusting portrait from the sight of others. This symbolizes his lack of control and weakness, as his sins and evil temptations have completely overpowered his purity and youthfulness. Just as Dorian uses the schoolroom to hide the portrait, he uses his beauty and youthfulness to disguise his terribly ugly soul.
            Oscar Wilde uses a plethora of symbols in order to relay ideas to the reader. His vivid symbols help the reader to connect with Dorian and fully understand his personality and experience the change he goes through. Dorian learned the difficult way; when one associates themselves with the devil, he/she are bound to corrupt his/her soul.